[QUOTE=ShinOBIWAN]Would you advocate using oversized torroids with respect to VA over that which would appear to be recommended for the application its intended for?[/QUOTE] Sorry Shin, missed the question in the crossfire :rolleyes: Yes I would, presicely because you wan't some extra capacity in order to cope with dirty mains and the DC component which will push a transformer closer to saturation. Note how lots of equipment with barely adequate toroids buzz and hum like mad at peak times when all the televisons, PCs and other electrical items are in use. Poor frame TX's also suffer of course.